![]() Additionally, one needs to examine concepts such as the level of logical reasoning necessary to interpret the items. ![]() In order to determine the level of content validity, one has to examine whether the scale is developed appropriately in that he/she has to examine items such as the level of reading necessary to understand the items and respond appropriately. Criterion validity is established based on the extent to which a scale corresponds to a pre-defined criterion and construct validity is established when a researcher engages in a series of activities that simultaneously defines a construct and develop a scale to measure the developed construct (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2005, 149-150). Content validity is established based on the extent to which a scale reflects the intended domain of content (Carmines & Zeller, 1991, 20).
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